In general, extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations.  Many require more than five years of experience.

A bachelor's degree is the minimum formal education required for these occupations.  However, many also require graduate school.  For example, they may require a master's degree and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).  Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.  

These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals.  Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required.